How to File a Consumer Complaint in India – Step-by-Step Legal Guide
How to File a Consumer Complaint in India – Step-by-Step Legal Guide
Introduction
Every consumer in India has the right to receive goods and services that are safe, reliable, and as promised. If you've been cheated by a brand, overcharged, or given defective products or poor service, you can file a Consumer Complaint under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. Here’s your complete legal guide.
?? Who Can File a Consumer Complaint?
You can file a complaint if:
You bought goods or hired services for personal use (not resale).
You suffered loss, harm, or inconvenience.
You have a bill/invoice or payment proof.
?? Consumers can be individuals, groups, or registered societies.
?? Grounds for Filing a Complaint
You can file against:
Defective goods (expired, broken, low quality)
Deficient services (delay, failure, negligence)
Overcharging or unfair trade practices
False advertising
Online frauds, including fake e-commerce deliveries
??? Jurisdiction – Where to File?
Value of Claim Forum to Approach
Up to Rs 50 lakhs District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
Rs 50 lakhs – Rs 2 crores State Commission
Above Rs 2 crores National Commission (NCDRC)
Jurisdiction is based on the total claim amount (product + compensation).
?? Step-by-Step Process to File a Consumer Complaint
Send a Legal Notice (Optional but Recommended)
Gives the seller/service provider a chance to resolve the issue.
Can be drafted by an advocate and sent via speed post/email.
Draft the Complaint
Include your name, address, seller’s details, transaction facts, grievance, and relief sought.
Attach proof: invoice, messages, photos, previous communication.
Submit the Complaint
Online: https://edaakhil.nic.in
Offline: At the office of the concerned commission
Pay Nominal Court Fee
Fees depending on the claim value.
Attend Hearings and Track Case
Attend physical/virtual hearings.
File rejoinders, arguments, and evidence when asked.
?? Sample Relief You Can Claim
Full refund of product/service
Compensation for mental agony or harassment
Legal costs
Penalty on opposite party
??? Tips Before Filing a Complaint
Keep written proof (emails, chats, receipts)
Be precise in your complaint – avoid emotional language
Always prefer writing over phone calls
Mention what relief you seek (refund, replacement, etc.)
Conclusion
Filing a consumer complaint in India is your right — and easier than ever before. With online portals and simple legal procedures, you can take action and get justice without hiring expensive lawyers.
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